The Ambassador Definitive Guide to Referral Marketing eBook is now available to the public! Learn to optimize your referral program and increase profits.
In almost every industry, referrals are the gold standard of customer acquisition. Research has repeatedly shown that refer-a-friend leads close faster, buy more, and stay longer — all with significantly less effort and at a much lower CPA than non-referred prospects. A University of Pennsylvania study¹ found that customer referrals are more loyal and profitable — by a 16% margin — than their non-referred counterparts.
What’s not to like about that?
Truth is, most of us inherently understand the value of referrals. When we make a big purchase, we seek out reviews or ping our networks for recommendations. In fact, a 2016 Nielsen poll conducted on behalf of Ambassador revealed that, across industries, 82% of Americans seek recommendations from friends and family when considering a purchase. When we see the same people talk about a purchase they made? Nielsen’s survey for Ambassador suggests two-thirds of us are at least a little more likely to make the same purchase.
All of this has never been more true than in the age of the internet — a chaotic, noisy place where we’re constantly bombarded with blatant marketing messages, thinly-veiled “native advertising,” and unapologetic branded soapboxing. In this environment, a referral from a trusted source is a welcome respite from the subjectivity of typical brand communications.
So, why isn’t there more talk about referral marketing? It’s simple: More often than not, people expect referrals to just happen organically.
Here’s the problem with that assumption: While referrals do happen organically, they’re never a given — even if a customer loves your products and services. In fact, a Texas Tech University study² found that while 83% of customers say they’re willing to provide referrals after a positive brand experience, only 29% actually do. That chasm exists for many reasons, but it’s often exacerbated by a failure to prioritize and manage a truly scalable referral marketing program.
How can your company close that gap?
This eBook, split into four chapters, will explore the basics of creating a referral program and leveraging referral software. We’ll discuss techniques you can use to transform happy customers into revenue-driving brand ambassadors, and the simple steps you can take to ensure your referral program is easy to manage, measure, and scale.
Happy reading!
- The Ambassador Team
Chapter 01: The Strategy
Defining and Demystifying Customer Referral Programs
“People influence people. A trusted referral influences people more than the best broadcast message. A trusted referral is the Holy Grail of advertising.”
- Mark Zuckerberg Founder & CEO, Facebook
Ultimately, the goal of referral marketing is simple: To harness the power of authentic word-of-mouth to drive a steady stream of high-quality referrals to your business (and grow revenue as a result). Executing against that goal, however, is a bit more complicated.
For referral marketing to work, you need to have a few core building blocks in place:
Beyond those building blocks, the core strategies that drive referral marketing aren’t rocket science. In fact, the approaches deployed by brands like Airbnb, Uber, and Google to drive incredible user growth are, for the most part, replicable.
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The Do’s and Don’ts of Successful Referral Marketing
That said, referral marketing isn’t something to treat lackadaisical. In order to build a program that your customers, fans, and followers want to participate in, there are some key best practices you’ll want to keep in mind:
DO: Consider how (and when) you ask
The best referral marketing programs operate with a deep understanding of who they’re targeting, where those people are active, and which incentives will drive actions. Studying your referral candidates’ motivations and preferences before you reach out is critical to success. If you offer the wrong incentive to the wrong customer in the wrong environment, your program will fail.
DON’T: Make customers do all the work
For referral marketing to be effective, you can’t expect existing customers to do all of the legwork for you. While the vast majority of happy customers say they’re willing to provide referrals, the truth is they’ll only follow through if the referral process is extremely simple.
DO: Make referrals part of your broader strategy
The highest performing referral marketing programs share a common thread: referrals are fully baked into every customer’s sales, marketing, and support experience. Referral CTAs are included throughout the company’s website. Employee email signatures feature referral messaging. And the referral program is fully integrated with other critical systems (CRM, marketing automation, eCommerce technology, point of-sale systems, optimization tools, etc.).
DON’T: “Set it and forget it”
Like all strategic marketing initiatives, referral marketing programs thrive in an environment of perpetual optimization. This is where referral marketing software becomes enormously valuable. With the right technology, you can create (and automate) much-needed processes around monitoring, tracking, and incentivizing referrals. Over time, that will generate insight to help optimize results.
Fashion eCommerce
Large customer bases. Engaged social followings. High customer lifetime values. All of that adds up to organic word-of-mouth, an interest in referrals, and plenty of room to encourage customers with incentive structures (more on that later).
B2B SaaS
Gmail, Evernote, Dropbox, and Trello all drove exponential growth early on by harnessing the power of referrals. With these businesses, brand ambassadors can be rewarded for referrals with premium features or a cut of the referred customer’s recurring revenue.
Big Ticket Items
Because margins and customer value tend to be higher with big ticket items - such as TVs, furniture, even cars - brands that sell them can offer larger referral incentives that are more appealing to both parties.
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One Key Takeaway
At its core, referral marketing isn’t overly complex. In fact, getting started is as simple as putting yourself in your customer’s shoes. Objectively, would you spread the word about your company’s products to others? Where and how would you do it? What incentives would motivate you to increase your referral activity? What barriers would keep you from doing it? Answer those questions and you’ll be well on your way to building an effective referral marketing strategy.
“A brand is no longer what we tell the consumer it is. It is what consumers tell each other it is.”
- Scott Cook Co-founder, Intuit
Think about the last time refer-a-friend marketing influenced one of your purchasing decisions.
Maybe a friend shared their love of a subscription service like StitchFix, a co-worker sent you a customer referral code for free Uber credits, or a neighbor referred customers to their favorite contractor. Or maybe it was as simple as a friendly suggestion on where to go to dinner. Regardless, you probably acted on the referral, in part, because it came from someone you trusted.
For a successful referral marketing strategy, you need to ensure customer experiences that align with the first description above, not the latter. So, before you start getting your marketing and sales teams excited about your ambassador program, let’s review how to ensure amazing experiences for your brand ambassadors, their referrals, and your team. There’s a process to engaging ambassadors, and if you manage it properly you’ll reap the rewards for years to come. If you don’t, it could come back to haunt you.
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So, what does an effective brand ambassador look like? How should they act? What should they know? If you’re in the process of assembling an army of passionate brand advocates, here are the key characteristics you should be looking for:
Quality brands already have existing relationships with raving fans - usually loyal customers. This doesn’t mean you should avoid reaching out to target advocates, but these are the people who are already telling their friends and/or colleagues about and proudly promoting you whenever the opportunity arises. Failing to engage these people first could actually alienate them, making them feel passed over should they see other brand ambassadors promoting you, who may be - in their minds - less authentic in their motives.
What this looks like in practice: Make sharing your brand and products incredibly easy for your customers by making the “ask” when they are highly engaged. Including your referral program on a post-purchase or account login landing page is a simple and effective way to engage your loyal customers. The “ask” needs to be organic, taking into consideration how your customers already engage with your brand. Try promoting your referral program on your social platforms by highlighting a brand ambassador who benefited from referring friends.
The most effective starting point in assembling an army of passionate brand advocates is to draw your attention to the customers who are already telling you they are willing to recommend your brand. Those 9’s, 10’s, and even 8’s are all but guaranteeing you positive word-of-mouth and countless referrals, you simply have to make it easy for them.
It’s important to note that oftentimes your biggest fans are not the ones spending the most money on your product or service, so be sure to leverage the voice of those customers who may not be your biggest spenders.
What this looks like in practice: Send a Net Promoter Score survey to your entire consumer database, which will allow you to gather customer feedback from both promoters and detractors. This feedback will enable you to not only consider detractors' feedback and improve their future experiences, but also identify your promoters. Once your promoters are identified, you’ll want to immediately direct them to your referral experience, giving them an opportunity to act on their good intention.
Whether on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, email, blogs, or other offline or online communities, fortunately many people have both the means to communicate and a network willing to listen. The important element here is allowing that person to individualize and tailor their promotion to their peer group - it has to be their voice and the message needs to resonate with their audience.
What this looks like in practice: Provide your ambassadors with a referral link to promote your brand on whichever social media platforms they are most active on, or even offer printed materials for those who engage offline with potential referrals. Provide templated messaging that makes it effortless for an ambassador to share, but also easy for them to personalize with their own voice. You can provide the images, links, and codes to share, but let your ambassadors add their own language about why their network should use your products/services.
Winning customers’ trust to make purchases or become a user is already a major accomplishment. If you’ve done enough to earn their promotion to friends, family, or colleagues, they really trust you. Now your ambassadors are trusting you to deliver an equally great experience to their referrals, and you’ve given them one more thing to care about, your referral program.
What this looks like in practice: Communication is the cornerstone of trust. If you clearly and accurately communicate with your ambassadors on how to engage, what their incentive is, and when they will receive it, you’re off to a great start. Set up email triggers based key events throughout the referral program to notify your ambassadors of referrals and rewards.
Before you dive in, take some time to think about the long term goals of your program. Every aspect of who you engage first, how you engage, and when you communicate with them, depends on the goals of the referral program. Is your goal new customers, shares, traffic, app downloads, specific product purchases or usage metrics, leads, or revenue thresholds? Once you know your referral process, you can start to build your program.
Chapter 03 : The Rewards
Choosing the Right Incentive Structure for Your Referral Program
“The rewards of pursuing excellence in word-of-mouth marketing are huge, and it can deliver a sustainable and significant competitive edge few other marketing approaches can match.”
- McKinsey & Company
Even if you build up a roster of passionate customers, they may not be inclined to tell their friends about your brand without some sort of reward. That’s where referral marketing incentive structures come into play.
This dual-sided incentive structure taps into customers’ innate desire to help others — and get rewarded for it. This approach also opens the door to a lot of creativity, because incentives can cover a broad spectrum of rewards — cash, gift cards, exclusive offers, access to premium features, etc.
The first step in setting up your incentive structure is determining how much you can afford to pay for each referral. Before you perform that calculation, there are two things to keep in mind:
1) The incentive should be enough to interest your customers to participate. There’s no “right” answer here, because it largely depends on the type of products or services you sell and what exactly motivates your ambassadors to refer a friend.
2) The profit generated by new customers should not outweigh the cost of acquiring new customers. Like any marketing channel, your program should drive a healthy referral ROI. Rewarding ambassadors with an Apple Watch when the average new customer is worth $50 isn’t good for business.
To determine the optimal cost of your referral incentive structure, you’ll need to calculate two key metrics: Customer lifetime value (LTV) and Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC). Most marketers are familiar with these metrics already, but it’s worth reviewing them here. So, to recap:
LTV is the amount of economic value (marginal profit) a customer brings in over their lifetime of sales with your company
CAC is the total costs associated with acquiring a new customer
To illustrate this concept, let’s imagine what the referral incentive calculation might look like for the average neighborhood coffee shop. If the average customer spends $25 in their “lifetime” and the profit margin on those purchases is 30%, then we can calculate the customer lifetime value at $7.50.
Knowing that number makes it really easy to determine how much you can pay in referral rewards to acquire your “average” customer. Using the coffee shop example, if you offer ambassadors $2 in shop credit for every new customer they refer, that leaves you $5.50 in profit margin for each referred customer. Win-win.
While there are many ways to reward referrals, incentive structures can be boiled down into three distinct formats:
This structure only rewards the original referrer. Because your business is only responsible for rewarding one part of the transaction, expenses are limited to only those existing customers who are doing the referring.
When and why this makes sense: If your brand awareness is low and margins are tight, single incentive referral rewards might make sense. In this scenario, you can offer a larger reward to just one party, which increases the likelihood of purchase. The single incentive also protects CAC.
This structure only rewards one party, typically the Ambassador, but it rewards them twice. Most often, a smaller incentive for a less impactful conversion and a larger reward for a more impactful conversion.
When and why this makes sense: If you have a longer sales cycle it can be hard to keep ambassadors engaged from the point of referral to reward. That’s where it makes sense to offer a double incentive. A double incentive typically offers a smaller incentive for a lower value conversion (i.e. a demo request) and a larger incentive for a higher value conversion (i.e. a purchase). This model is a great way to keep ambassadors engaged and referring.
Very simply, dual incentive structures give both the referrer and person being referred a reward, discount, or deal when a transaction is complete. Dual incentive systems tend to be more compelling since both sides of the transaction benefit from the referral. This also helps the referrer avoid feeling like they are taking advantage of (or profiting from) their network.
When and why this makes sense: While dual incentive programs are more expensive, they tend to yield a much larger volume of referrals and new customers.
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77% preferred cash
In a Nielsen Harris Poll conducted on behalf of Ambassador, more than three quarters (77%) of Americans said they preferred to be rewarded for referrals with cash.
After deciding on the right incentive structure, you’ll need to consider what type of reward to offer your ambassadors. These rewards generally fall into two categories:
Monetary Incentives
Essentially a finders fee, monetary rewards are easily quantifiable and tend to be successful at generating large volumes of referrals. These incentives include cash, rebates, discounts, gift cards, and commissions.
» Benefits: Monetary incentives make it extremely easy to calculate CAC and simplify things when analyzing the effectiveness of your program.
» Things to consider: If you offer $10 for every referral and you get 10,000 of them, be prepared to pay out $100,000 without being assured of ROI. By contrast, if you offer a rebate or store credit, you can at least ensure that investment is used to drive sales down the road.
Non-monetary Incentives
These are less transparent rewards that can still be used to excite new brand ambassadors. They may include exclusive access to new products, public recognition (i.e., a video shout-out, tweet, etc.), or insider benefits not available to the general public.
» Benefits: Non-monetary rewards allow you to “shield your hand,” so to speak. Because there’s no tangible value attached to the incentive, you can dramatically limit the cost of your program and still reap the benefits of referrals.
» Things to consider: It typically takes a very strong level of brand engagement or an extremely exciting product for these types of incentives to work. Companies like Spotify and T-Mobile have the brand awareness and loyalty to use non-monetary rewards. But if you’re still building your brand reputation or don’t have a mass following, sticking to monetary incentives might be your best bet.
As a general rule of thumb: Incentives should always be profitable, tailored to your target audience, and compelling enough to encourage engagement with your brand.
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An economically sound incentive structure is one of the most important components of an effective referral marketing strategy. That said, there’s no one-size-fits-all approach to incentives. Two companies in the same industry might offer completely different incentives depending on their economic model, customer target, brand awareness, and referral goals. As you’re building out your program, it’s critical to factor in your unique goals.
Chapter 04: The Ultimate Goal
Tracking, Measuring, and Optimizing Your Referral Program at Scale
“One of the biggest pain points is taking referral marketing from spreadsheets to technology that can reach and engage millions of people at a time.”
Jeff Epstein Founder, Ambassador
After you’ve built an incentive structure and launched your referral marketing program, you might start to see a steady stream of referrals pour in. And that’s awesome. Unless, of course, you’re not prepared to track and manage referral activity, measure results in real-time, and actually deliver the incentives you promised.
Without the right systems in place, tracking and rewarding referrals can be a nightmare.
Quite frankly, this is where many referral marketing programs fall apart or have difficulty scaling. Without a clear approach to measurement and optimization, you’ll fail to gather critical insight about customers and prospects that could improve your broader marketing strategy.
To avoid that fate, you need to implement processes that allow you to:
Attribute new customer activity to the correct referrer.
If you’re generating new customers from brand ambassadors, you need a way to accurately connect which new customers came from which referrer. If you can’t do this, managing your referral program will be a nightmare.
Automate rewards in a timely fashion.
If you’re generating hundreds (or thousands) of referrals a month and don’t have a way to automate conversion payments, your referral marketing strategy will become a drain on your marketing resources. You’ll spend more time managing reward payouts to existing customers than investing in activities that acquire new ones.
Learn, observe, and iterate.
At scale, an effective referral marketing program should generate incredible insight into customer behavior, prospect motivations, and channel preferences. It’s absolutely critical to have systems in place that can process and leverage that insight from Day 1.
Ultimately, referral marketing is most valuable when you’re able to easily amplify results without also proportionately amplifying internal resources. Without the right tools, capabilities, and systems in place, achieving that efficiency at scale is virtually impossible.
Developing referral measurement, management, and analytics functionality in-house is certainly possible, but it requires a herculean effort that typically involves (and distracts) internal technical talent. Luckily, there’s a simpler way to absolve yourself of those logistical and analytical headaches.
With a referral marketing platform, you can easily: attribute new customer activity to the appropriate ambassadors, fully automate campaign logistics (i.e., issuing rewards, re-engaging disengaged ambassadors, creating/sending emails, etc.), and quickly integrate other third-party systems to seamlessly sync data between platforms.
Why is this so important?
By automating the referral marketing process, you remove much of the complexity, tedium, and guesswork from running campaigns. Ultimately, this frees you up to focus on the things that really matter — executing efficient, measurable, and profitable referral marketing campaigns that, over time, positively influence every aspect of your marketing strategy.
While companies like Uber, Airbnb, and Dropbox built incredibly productive referral marketing programs in-house, that DIY approach doesn’t come cheap. To do it right, those companies sunk a significant amount of time, money, resources, and technical expertise into building their programs, and they still require continuous maintenance and updating to remain modern. All of that can be avoided by investing in an all-in-one referral marketing platform that does the dirty work for you.
How Are You Making Referrals Work?
In a 2016 Nielsen Harris Poll conducted on behalf of Ambassador, 67% of Americans said they’re more likely to purchase a product after a friend or family member shared it via social media, email, or text message. Further, across a variety of industries, 92% of 18-to-34 year-olds say they seek recommendations from friends and family when considering a product purchase.
For marketers, those are pretty compelling numbers.
That said, for referrals to consistently deliver bottom-line results, they must be woven into who you are and how you operate. Without structure and commitment, you’re largely hoping that good things happen and that customers inherently know to refer their friends and colleagues to your business.
That might happen. Or it might not. As we know, banking on customers to refer without any clear incentive to do so is a risky proposition. The far better option is to approach referral marketing just as you would any other high-value customer acquisition channel — investing in process and technology, and incorporating it into every aspect of your marketing strategy.
When you take that approach, you’ll see more referrals and less hassle.
References:
¹ https://marketing.wharton.upenn.edu/files/?whdmsaction=public:main.file&fileID=5733 ² http://today.ttu.edu/posts/2015/04/why-referral-marketing-works
Ambassador empowers marketing teams to increase revenue by leveraging the power of referrals. Our flexible relationship marketing software automates the process of enrolling, tracking, rewarding, and managing affiliates, influencers, partners, and fans. This allows B2B companies, consumer brands, and agencies to quickly build, scale, and optimize referral marketing programs. Ambassador’s API also seamlessly integrates with existing technologies, enabling companies to create a custom experience while tightly integrating with their brand.
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